1. Margaret Bonds

Margaret Bonds grew up in a musical home where artists such as soprano Abbie Mitchell and composers Florence Price and Will Marion Cook were frequent guests. Bonds began her studies at Northwestern University in 1929 at 16. She would go on to complete Bachelor and Master of Music degrees in Piano and Composition despite being in an environment of open racial hostility.

“I was in this prejudiced university, this terribly prejudiced place…. I was looking in the basement of the Evanston Public Library where they had the poetry. I came in contact with this wonderful poem, “The Negro Speaks of Rivers,” and I’m sure it helped my feelings of security. Because in that poem he tells how great the black man is. And if I had any misgivings, which I would have to have – here you are in a setup where the restaurants won’t serve you and you’re going to college, you’re sacrificing, trying to get through school – and I know that poem helped save me.

Margaret Bonds, from an interview with James Hatch

Soon after, she set out for New York, where she would later study at Juilliard and become close friends with poet Langston Hughes, setting many of his poems to music. Bonds is especially remembered for her deeply felt vocal music and her spiritual arrangements, some of which have been favorites of singers such as Jessye Norman, Kathleen Battle, and Leontyne Price.

Fun fact: Bonds wrote her first musical work at the age of five.

To get a sense of the arrangements that made Bonds so famous, start with Price’s breathtaking 1962 rendition of Bonds’ deeply moving and powerful He's Got The Whole World In His Hands:

2. Nkeiru Okoye

Hailed as “gripping” and “evocative” by the New York Times, Nkeiru Okoye is an American-born composer of African American and Nigerian ancestry. Dr. Okoye is a Guggenheim Fellow and self-proclaimed “activist through the arts” who seeks to incorporate many influences and styles within her work. She has written across nearly every musical medium, and her repertoire has been performed by some of the world’s most prestigious ensembles, including the Philadelphia Orchestra, Baltimore Symphony, Moscow Symphony, Tanglewood Music Festival, the Royal Opera, Houston Grand Opera, and the American Opera Project.

Fun Fact: The time that Dr. Okoye spent in Nigeria as a child has inspired some of her most significant pieces.

Listen now to one of Dr. Okoye’s most popular works, Voices Shouting Out, performed here by the Detroit Symphony Orchestra:

3. Adolphus Hailstork

Adolphus Hailstork received his doctorate in composition from Michigan State University, where he was a student of H. Owen Reed. He completed earlier studies at the Manhattan School of Music under Vittorio Giannini and David Diamond, the American Institute at Fontainebleau with Nadia Boulanger, and Howard University with Mark Fax.

Dr. Hailstork has written across a variety of genres, producing works for chorus, solo voice, solo piano, organ, various chamber ensembles, band, and orchestra. His works have been performed by prestigious ensembles such as the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and the New York Philharmonic, under the batons of leading conductors such as James DePreist, Daniel Barenboim, Kurt Masur, and Lorin Maazel. The composer’s music has been recorded by a variety of ensembles for the Naxos and Albany Records labels.

Fun Fact: In January 2021, Hailstork celebrated the great honor of having his work Fanfare on Amazing Grace performed at the presidential inauguration by a group of the finest instrumentalists in the country, the President's Own United States Marine Band, under the baton of Colonel Jason K. Fettig, as arranged by MGySgt Don Patterson. This truly historic occasion marked only the second time in American history that music by a contemporary African American composer was selected to be part of the repertoire performed at a Presidential Inauguration.

Start your listening journey with his powerful Done Made My Vow, for Narrator, Soloists, Mixed Chorus, and Orchestra:

4. William Grant Still

Prolific and influential, many call him the Dean of African American composers— and it’s not hard to see why.

The first African American to conduct a major American symphony orchestra, the first to have a symphony (his first symphony) performed by a leading orchestra, the first to have an opera performed by a major opera company, and the first to have an opera performed on national television, William Grant Still broke barriers. In addition to his work in the Classical world, he was known and respected for his work in Hollywood, where he arranged the music for films like Pennies from Heaven, starring Bing Crosby and Madge Evans.

The first African American to conduct a major American symphony orchestra, the first to have a symphony (his first symphony) performed by a leading orchestra, the first to have an opera performed by a major opera company, and the first to have an opera performed on national television, William Grant Still broke barriers. In addition to his work in the Classical world, he was known and respected for his work in Hollywood, where he arranged the music for films like Pennies from Heaven, starring Bing Crosby and Madge Evans.

Fun fact: Still graduated as class valedictorian of his high school at the age of 16 and studied medicine before pursuing music. He also served the United States Navy in World War I. After the war, he went to Harlem, where he rubbed shoulders with influential cultural icons Langston Hughes, Alain Locke, Arna Bontemps, and Countee Cullen in the Harlem Renaissance.

Begin your journey into his oeuvre with his sophisticated and blues-influenced Symphony No. 2, "Song of a New Race" performed here by the Detroit Symphony Orchestra:

5. Julia Perry

What is perhaps most extraordinary about Julia Perry’s musical career was the astonishing success she attained in her early years. In her youth she studied piano, voice, violin and cello. She began to compose in her teenage years, her first publication being a choral work in 1947 by Carl Fischer Music. She studied both composition and conducting with Nadia Boulanger in France, and conducted her own works with the Vienna Philharmonic and the BBC Orchestra. Perry’s catalog is widely varied, featuring thirteen symphonies, numerous chamber and solo works, pieces for band, choral and vocal music, and four operas.

Fun Fact: Julia Perry learned and mastered French, Italian, and German through her European sojourns. See the premiere of her long-anticipated “Lost” Violin Concerto here:

6. Lara Downes

Lara Downes is a curator, pianist, and recording artist with a fierce commitment to arts advocacy, mentorship, and education, including work in support of non-profit organizations. Her Rising Sun series is dedicated to the music of African American composers from the 19th & 20th centuries. Lara Downes enjoys creative collaborations with a range of leading artists, including multi-instrumentalist, composer, and singer Rhiannon Giddens; cellist Yo-Yo Ma, pianist Simone Dinnerstein, folk icon Judy Collins, and baritone Thomas Hampson, among others. Her close partnerships with prominent composers span genres and generations, with premieres and commissions coming from Jennifer Higdon, John Corigliano, Stephen Schwartz, Paola Prestini, Clarice Assad, Michael Abels, and many others.

Fun fact: Lara Downes’ childhood home housed three pianos during her upbringing.

Hear Ms. Downes play her edition of Nathaniel Dett’s Magnolia Suite at the link below:

7. Ulysses Kay

Ulysses Kay was mentored by William Grant Still at the University of Arizona, where he began to craft his signature neoclassical style. Although he was a capable student of piano, violin, and saxophone, it quickly became clear that composition was his true calling as he won awards, fellowships, international scholarships, and grants to continue writing (including the prestigious Rome Prize and a Fulbright, just to name a few). One year of study with prominent neoclassicist Paul Hindemith at Yale solidified his reputation as a neoclassicist to watch. Prolific in his creation, Ulysses Kay wrote five operas, twenty large orchestral works, and scads of choral, chamber, and film compositions.

Fun Fact: Kay served as a musician in the United States Navy during WWII.

Begin your journey into his oeuvre with his whirlwind Chariots: An Orchestral Rhapsody, performed here by the Philadelphia Orchestra:

8. Undine Smith Moore

Moore, the granddaughter of slaves, began studying piano at the age of seven with Lillian Allen Darden. She attended Fisk University, where she studied piano with Alice M. Grass and first began to compose. In 1924, at the age of 20, she became the first graduate of Fisk to receive a scholarship to Juilliard. She graduated cum laude in 1926, and soon after became the supervisor of music for the Goldsboro, NC public school system. She began teaching piano, organ, and music theory at Virginia State College (now Virginia State University) in 1927, where she remained on faculty until her retirement in 1972. She commuted to Columbia University in New York City between 1929 and 1931 and received her Master of Arts in Teaching. Moore traveled extensively as a professor, conducting workshops and lecturing on Black composers.

Fun Fact: Moore is often called “The Dean of Black Women Composers.”

Hear her most famous work, Scenes from the Life of a Martyr, a 16-part oratorio inspired by the life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., here:

9. Valerie Coleman

Named Performance Today's 2020 Classical Woman of the Year and described as one of the "Top 35 Female Composers in Classical Music" by critic Anne Midgette of the Washington Post, it’s no exaggeration to say that Valerie Coleman is among the world's most played composers living today, with many of her pieces fast becoming an established part of the standard repertoire. The Boston Globe describes Coleman as having a “talent for delineating form and emotion with shifts between ingeniously varied instrumental combinations” and The New York Times declares her compositions “skillfully wrought...buoyant.” With works that range from flute sonatas recounting stories of humans trafficked during Middle Passage voyages and orchestral works based on the nomadic movement of Roma peoples to scherzos about moonshine in the Mississippi Delta region and use of motifs based on Morse Code, Coleman’s output has been highly regarded as a deeply relevant contribution to modern music.

Fun fact: While still a student, Ms. Coleman organized and began playing in a chamber music ensemble which she named Imani Winds, which today is one of the premier wind ensembles in the world. Imani is the Swahili word for faith, and, when forming the group, Ms. Coleman sought out African American woodwind players whom she felt might approach classical music from a culturally similar perspective.

Start your journey into Ms. Coleman’s repertoire with the popular flute solo Danza de la Mariposa:

10. Hale Smith

Following his completion of military service in World War II, Hale Smith studied with Marcel Dick at The Cleveland Institute of Music, where he received his Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees before moving to New York City. In addition to composing, he worked as an editor, arranger and transcriber, eventually serving as a general advisor to several major music publishers.

Smith’s interest in a variety of musical genres was reflected in his use of both jazz techniques and modern innovations, such as serialism, in classical music.

He received awards from the Cleveland Institute of Music and the American Academy and Institute of Arts, in addition to the BMI Student Composer Award and the Cleveland Arts Prize. Mr. Smith lectured frequently at colleges and universities throughout the United States and held a Professorship at the University of Connecticut in the later part of his career.

Fun Fact: Mr. Smith not only wrote works that were performed by symphony orchestras around the country during his lifetime, but also pieces for jazz luminaries such as Eric Dolphy, Dizzy Gillespie, and Abby Lincoln, among others, and even performed as a jazz pianist himself.

Get a sense of his dense harmonic language through Innerflexions, a work for orchestra that builds in suspense as it progresses steadily towards its conclusion:

11. Jeffrey Mumford

Born in Washington, D.C., composer Jeffrey Mumford has received numerous accolades over the span of his career, including the Academy Award in Music from the American Academy of Arts & Letters, a Fellowship from the Guggenheim Foundation, and an ASCAP Aaron Copland Scholarship. He is also a past winner of the inaugural National Black Arts Festival/Atlanta Symphony Orchestra Composition Competition.

Mr. Mumford’s music has been performed extensively by major orchestras, soloists, and ensembles in the United States and abroad. He has been commissioned by the Los Angeles and BBC Philharmonics, the Library of Congress (co-commission), the Chicago & National Symphonies Orchestras, the San Antonio Symphony, the Sphinx Consortium, the Fromm Music Foundation, and the Walter M. Naumburg Foundation.

Fun Fact: Mr. Mumford often titles his works using exclusively lowercase letters because he believes they best fit his conception of the music. In his words, “I look at it in terms of an experience that you’re walking into that’s already progressing...A capital letter is kind of an impediment”.

Take a listen to Filaments, Mumford’s captivatingly intricate work for two flutes, performed here by Karen Johnson and Peter Brown:

12. Joseph Bologne

Let’s stop calling this man the “Black Mozart” and give credit where it’s due. To be perfectly clear: Mozart quoted HIM, not the other way around. Period.

Joseph Bologne was a powerhouse who was first known to the Parisian public as a champion fencer - the very best in France, in fact. Imagine their shock and delight to discover he was also a virtuoso violinist, making him a sensation after his debut solo performance in 1772. Not only that, but he was a prolific composer, composing twelve violin concertos, several large scale symphonic works, and six comic operas (just to name a few), an admired horseman, apparently quite the social dancer, and eventually the conductor of the leading orchestra in Paris, an orchestra which Marie Antoinette herself frequented. U.S. President John Adams called him “the most accomplished man in Europe.” Indeed.

Fun fact: He also fought on the side of the Republic in the first all-Black regiment in Europe during the French Revolution.

Get started on his incredible oeuvre with his Symphony No. 2, a work with an elegance, clarity and effortlessness that is the hallmark of his style:

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